Antispam and Antivirus 2015

1. Malware is short for

Answers:

• Malicious Software

• Malicious Systems

• Maliant Systems

• Maliant Software

2. What is rogue security software?

Answers:

• Security software that considers data files or programs as viruses, when they are not.

• Security software that has been compromised to not pick up certain threats

• A fraudulent security program that appears to be helpful, but is actually not. It may deceive or mislead users into paying money to remove fake viruses or introduce malware after it is installed.

• Security software that is no longer being used for the purpose that was intended due to an exploit or hacker.

3. Is commercial SPAM legal in the United States?

Answers:

• Yes, but only if it is an advertisement for a real product.

• Yes because it is protected under the first amendment

• No

• Yes, but only if it follows the standards listed in the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003

4. Where might a spammer get your personal information from?

Answers:

• LinkedIn

• MySpace

• Facebook

• All of these

5. Which of the following spam filtering techniques has the highest potential for generating false positives?

Answers:

• Challenge-Response Filtering

• Keyword Filtering

• Bayesian Filtering

• Community Filtering

6. Automated spamming tools subscribe to mail lists in order to complete which of the following tasks?

Answers:

• collect email addresses

• introduce security holes into the list

• deny service to mail list recipients

7. A virus is a program that attaches itself to (or replaces the contents of) which of the following file types?

Answers:

• Text files

• Source files

• Header files

• Executables

8. Why shouldn't a user click unsubscribe links from spam messages?

Answers:

• clicking the link will prevent

• the click may validate the email address

• unsubscribing makes finding the sender difficult

9. What is an example of a Phishing scam?

Answers:

• Hacking into a computer and leaving false trails on who did it

• Installing a virus and then asking you to pay to remove it

• An application that looks useful, but actually contains spyware to slow down your computer

• An email that appears to be legitimate, but is really being used to obtain personal or important information

10. In order to infect a system, clicking an email attachment must cause which of the following conditions to occur?

Answers:

• the attachment executes

• the attachment is decompressed

• the attachment opens in a preview editor

• the attachment is saved to the disk

11. What could be a good indicator of a Spam email?

Answers:

• Something that sounds too good to be true

• All of these

• An email sent to a bunch of random people

• An email that contains plenty of grammar mistakes

12. In order for antivirus programs to be most effective, it is necessary to keep which of the following up to date?

Answers:

• Virus definition files

• File hashes

• Web browsers

• Antivirus encryption keys

13. What is a good method for a website owner to confirm a user is not using an account for a spamming purposes?

Answers:

• Users must associate a phone to their account and confirm a number sent to them via text

• Users that register must click on a confirmation link to the email they specify in their profile

• Requiring users provide valid personal information during sign up

• All of these

14. Which of the following is not a well known anti-virus program?

Answers:

• AVG

• SMAG

• McAFee

• AVAST

15. What is a captcha?

Answers:

• It is a tool websites often use to prevent automated spammer bots from posting or registering on a website by forcing the user to do a task, often entering in letters or numbers based on a picture or audio, which verifies that they are human.

• An SPAM email written in all caps

• A spam email that attempts to "capture" information and then use that information to cause damage; the second phase is often referred to as the "gotcha" phase.

• A group of characters in hidden in an email that often includes code used in malware.

16. What are types of malware?

Answers:

• All of these

• Spyware

• Viruses

• Worms

17. How can you help stop spam?

Answers:

• All of these

• Setup email filters based on keywords known to be in spam

• Unsubscribe from listservs

• Block certain email addresses known for sending spam

18. What is a keylogger?

Answers:

• Software used to log all attempts to access a certain file

• Software that that records keys you set when encrypting files

• Software that records keystrokes made on a keyboard

• Software that steals passwords or "keys" that you have saved on your computer

19. Which of these is an example of a possible victim in a phishing attack?

Answers:

• The website that was hacked

• All of these

• The bank of the victim

• The person who had their identity stolen

20. If you cannot delete malware infected file, what is good method to try first?

Answers:

• Run Windows Repair

• Run Windows Restore

• Reformat then attempt to delete the file

• Boot in Windows safe mode and attempt to delete the file

21. A virus can spread to another computer by

Answers:

• Sharing an infected file with another computer

• Pinging other computers from the infected computer

• Through touch

• Being on the same network as that computer

22. What is a computer virus?

Answers:

• Software that steals files from your computer and is used by blackmailers

• A type of malware that replicates itself and spreads to other files and/or computers.

• Spyware that slows down a computer by sending statistics to an unknown source

• A software that hijacks your computer and asks you to pay in order for it to be removed

23. Which of these techniques would be effective in helping to prevent phishing attacks by scammers?

Answers:

• Allow XSS

• Use Pop-ups

• Use IFRAME's

• Scan for and fix XSS issues

24. What is the main difference between spyware and other malware?

Answers:

• There is no difference

• Malware monitors data usage, while spyware infects your computer with viruses

• Spyware that slows down a computer by sending statistics to an unknown source, while malware only includes threats from inside your own computer

• Spyware tends to steal or monitor data and/or personal information while malware encompasses all software that may been made with malicious intent in mind

25. What is a backdoor?

Answers:

• A vulnerability in software that allows someone to bypass the normal authentication process

• It is where viruses store their source code and begin to replicate

• It is a known bug or exploit hackers use to cause software to behave in a way that was not intended by the manufacturer

• It is a way for spyware to leave a system without any trace of it being there

26. What run command can you use to check what programs load on startup?

Answers:

• msconfig

• cmd

• startup

• ipconfig

27. Which of the following sites provide services for users to setup disposable emails?

Answers:

• hotmail.com

• jetable.org

• yahoo.com

• gmail.com

28. What is a botnet?

Answers:

• A collection of computers working together to perform a single task. These computers are often penetrated by software containing malware.

• A program that sends emails repeatedly infecting other computers who open it

• Software that automates networks

• A collection of malware stored in a network

29. What is an example of a "419" Scam

Answers:

• A con in which someone asks you for assistance in retrieving a vast sum of money. Often it involves you helping him or her pay off certain fees and in return they promise to share the money with you.

• Someone who uses social engineering to gain access to your computer or personal information

• When you download a program that appears harmless, but it actually installs spyware on your computer

• Someone who sends you an email in hopes you open an attachment which contains a virus

30. A client asks you to fix his computer because it has ransomware on it. He says he sees a message as soon as he loads windows, and cannot do anything else. What is the best way to fix this computer without losing any of his data?

Answers:

• Use Windows Restore

• Boot from a USB drive and run a program to remove the malware

• Reinstall Windows

• Reformat the computer

31. Which is not an example of an anti-spyware tool?

Answers:

• Spybot

• Ad-Aware

• Kazaa

• Windows Defender

32. What is an example of a captcha?

Answers:

• What are the characters in this picture?

• All of these

• An interactive program which have instructions that read: "Move the triangle into the circle"

• 1 + 1 = ?

33. Virus infection via email attachments can be minimized using which of the following?

Answers:

• Right clicking attachments

• Opening attachments from external hard drives

• Deleting mail containing attachments from unknown senders

• Copying attachments to special directories before opening them

34. Why are disposable email addresses useful?

Answers:

• It is useful for spammers to create false email addresses that does not exist in order to spoof the from email in their spam messsages.

• It is useful for someone who needs to give out their email or sign up to a website, but wants to protect their real email address from SPAM.

• It is useful for people who do not want their emails to be read

• It is useful for spammers who want to send out a one time mass email, but never use that same email address again

35. You have been told by several of your friends you have recently sent SPAM emails to them, what could be the cause of this and what should you do?

Answers:

• A spammer or bot may have gained access to your email account and sent out SPAM to all of your contacts. You should change your password immediately.

• A spammer is spoofing your email address. You should tell your friends to block the email address.

• A spammer may have infiltrated your email provider's host and compromised your account. You should notify your email provider.

• A spammer has gained access to your email. Unfortunately, the only thing you can do to prevent further SPAM is to close your account and create a new email address.

36. Which of the following spam filtering issues stops valid messages from being delivered?

Answers:

• false negatives

• false positives

37. Which is most likely something that could be considered strange account activity and may require further scrutiny on an e-commerce site?

Answers:

• A user logs in from another computer than the last login

• Orders from several user accounts are being sent to the same physical address

• A user changes their email

• A user changes their more than once password

38. What is disposable email addressing?

Answers:

• Someone who creates an email for the sole purpose of sending out spam

• A practice in which a spammer sends out mass emails from a single email account, but never logs into that account again.

• A practice in which you set a unique email address for sender/recipient communication. Disposable email addresses typically forward to one or more real email mailboxes where the owner can receive and read messages without revealing their true email.

• Email addresses that are not rea, but they appear on the from section of an email. They are often used to help protect spammer's from being traced.

39. What is ransomware?

Answers:

• Software that steals files from your computer and is used by blackmailers

• A nickname for types of spyware that require a password on boot

• A software that hijacks your computer and asks you to pay in order for it to be removed

• Viruses that infect files and won't let you open them unless you know a certain pass code

40. When a spammer forges the sender's address and enters an invalid receiver, which of the following settings will cause the receiving mail server to create backscatter?

Answers:

• Reject messages

• Drop messages

• Bounce messages

41. In order to help prevent spam, a honeypot performs which of the following functions?

Answers:

• traps suspected spam messages

• delivers suspected spam messages more slowly

• acts as a desirable mail server in order to lure spammers

• routes suspected spam to special enclaves in the system

42. Performing outbound spam filtering does which of the following for an organization?

Answers:

• helps prevent spam trapping

• helps prevent blacklisting

• helps prevent whitelisting

43. Which of the following techniques requires posting an email address where only spammers would find it?

Answers:

• Tarpits

• Spam Traps

• Blacklists

44. What is CryptoLocker?

Answers:

• A malware class which is known for encrypting itself to avoid detection.

• A type of encrypted Linux file system.

• A module of the Windows BitLocker encryption system.

• A type of ransomware which encrypts user files and demands payment for the decryption key.

45. Which of the following reduces spam by rejecting mail from a specific ip addresses?

Answers:

• URL Blacklisting

• POP3 Blacklisting

• DNS Blacklisting

• IMAP Blacklisting

46. Antivirus programs hash files on a computer in order to detect which of the following activities?

Answers:

• File size changes

• File permissions changes

• File content changes

47. How can delivering mail as text instead of html help prevent spam?

Answers:

• text is easier to analyze for spammer information

• text mail prevents web bugs from alerting spammer that the message was opened

• mail servers won't accept html messages if they are in text mode

48. Which type of analysis is an antivirus program performing when it observes a file's activities in a sandbox or decompiles a file and analyzes its instructions?

Answers:

• Signature Analysis

• Performance Analysis

• Heuristic Analysis

49. Which of the following characteristics classify a mail message as spam?

Answers:

• it is solicited and contains advertising

• it is unsolicited and contains advertising

• it is solicited and indiscriminately addressed

• it is unsolicited and indiscriminately addressed

50. Antivirus signatures are constructed using with of the following?

Answers:

• Cyclic Redundancy Checks

• Hashes

• Encryption Algorithms

• Random Number Generators

51. What is email spoofing?

Answers:

• Sending an email through multiple accounts in order to make it difficult to trace back the original email's sender address or origin

• Copying or forwarding emails and then editing their To and From to make it appear that the email was originally sent to or from someone else

• When someone sends an email that appears to look like a legitimate, but it is actually not and is being used to obtain personal or important information.

• When someone forges or makes it appear that a email being sent is from a particular sender when it really is being sent by someone else.

52. Which of the following tools would NOT be useful in figuring out what spyware or viruses could be installed on a client's computer?

Answers:

• Malware Bytes

• HitmanPro

• WireShark

• HighjackThis

53. Which of the following is true of macro viruses?

Answers:

• They are written in low-level languages to avoid detection

• They depend on applications to propagate

• They depend on the operating system to propagate

• They are larger than traditional viruses

54. In a compromised system, which of the following provides the safest way to analyze it?

Answers:

• Resident Antivirus Program

• Live CD/DVD

• Live USB

55. Which of the following can prevent virus infections?

Answers:

• Implementing a firewall

• Implementing an intrusion detection system

• Patching programs and the operating system

56. Which of the following differentiates a virus from a worm?

Answers:

• a worm requires user interaction to infect a machine

• a worm can infect multiple machines

• a virus requires user interaction to infect a machine

• a virus can only infect a single machine

57. Which of the following spam filtering techniques statistically analyzes mail?

Answers:

• Keyword Filtering

• Community Filtering

• Bayesian Filtering

• Challenge-Response Filtering

58. On a WordPress site, which is the default service/tool to prevent spammers from posting comments?

Answers:

• SpamAssassin

• MailWasher Pro

• Akismet

• Website Inspector

59. Which of the following best describes a distributed antivirus tool that consist of a scanning client and a corresponding web service?

Answers:

• Internet OS Antivirus

• Client/Server Antivirus

• Cloud Antivirus

• Web Antivirus

60. Firewalls help to prevent which of the following malware from propagating?

Answers:

• Encrypted viruses

• Worms

• Polymorphic viruses

• Trojan viruses

61. What is the difference between a worm and virus?

Answers:

• Unlike a virus, a worm does not need to attach itself to a program to spread.

• A worm does not replicate itself like a virus does, but rather moves from computer to computer

• A virus infects files, while a worm eats them

• A worm is a virus created for a very specific purpose

62. Most spyware is used to...

Answers:

• steal sensitive information on a computer in order to blackmail you

• slow down computers for the sole purpose of maliciousness

• create a backdoor

• track a user's movement on the web or display pop-up ads

63. Polymorphic viruses randomly generate which of the following items before infecting a new file?

Answers:

• mutation engine

• decryption routine

• virus body

64. A virus can hide itself from an antivirus software by doing which of the following?

Answers:

• compressing itself in a zip file

• appending itself to an executable file

• intercepting operating system read and write requests

• replacing an executable file with its payload

65. Which of the following is true of a trojan virus?

Answers:

• a trojan inserts a copy of itself into another program

• a Trojan doesn't self-replicate

• a trojan reproduces by infecting other files

66. Which of the following sites use disposable email addressing?

Answers:

• All of these

• Amazon

• Walmart

• Craigslist

67. When using greylist filtering, a message will be considered legitimate if it does which of the following?

Answers:

• sends its message without html markup

• is not a multipart message

• contains a sender and subject line

• sends its message more than once

68. Which is not an example of a real life virus or worm discovered during the time period of 1980 to 2013?

Answers:

• Elk Cloner

• iRiot

• The Michelangelo Virus

• The ILOVEYOU Worm

69. In order to help prevent spam, a tarpit performs which of the following functions?

Answers:

• acts as a desirable mail server in order to lure spammers

• delivers suspected spam messages more slowly

• traps suspected spam messages

• routes suspected spam to special enclaves in the system